Journal list menu
Feature
Potential Public Health Impacts of Deteriorating Distribution System Infrastructure
Deborah Vacs Renwick,
Austin Heinrich,
Richard Weisman,
Heather Arvanaghi,
Kenneth Rotert,
Deborah Vacs Renwick
Search for more papers by this authorAustin Heinrich
Search for more papers by this authorRichard Weisman
Search for more papers by this authorHeather Arvanaghi
Search for more papers by this authorKenneth Rotert
Search for more papers by this authorDeborah Vacs Renwick,
Austin Heinrich,
Richard Weisman,
Heather Arvanaghi,
Kenneth Rotert,
Deborah Vacs Renwick
Search for more papers by this authorAustin Heinrich
Search for more papers by this authorRichard Weisman
Search for more papers by this authorHeather Arvanaghi
Search for more papers by this authorKenneth Rotert
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Drinking water distribution system deterioration can affect the water supply and reliability as well as water quality and public health.
REFERENCES
- Angulo, F.J.; Tippen, S.; Sharp, D.J.; Payne, B.J.; Collier, C.; Hill, J.E.; Barrett, T.J.; et al., 1997. A Community Waterborne Outbreak of Salmonellosis and the Effectiveness of a Boil Water Order. American Journal of Public Health, 87:4:580.
10.2105/AJPH.87.4.580 Google Scholar
- AWWA, 2017. Manual of Water Supply Practices M68, Water Quality in Distribution Systems. AWWA, Denver.
- AWWA, 2012. Buried No Longer: Confronting America's Water Infrastructure Challenge. AWWA, Denver.
- AWWA, 2005. Water Distribution Operator Training Handbook. AWWA, Denver.
- AwwaRF (AWWA Research Foundation), DVGW-TZW (German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water–Water Technology Center), 1996. Internal Corrosion of Water Distribution Systems. AwwaRF, Denver.
- Barwick, R.S.; Levy, D.A.; Craun, G.F; Beach, M.J.; & Calderon, R., 2000. Surveillance for Waterborne-Disease Outbreaks – United States 1997–1998. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 49:4:1.
- Beer, K.D.; Gargano, J.W.; Roberts, V.A.; Hill, V.R.; Garrison, L.E.; Kutty, P.K.; Hilborn, E.D.; Wade, T.J.; Fullerton, K.E.; & Yoder, J.S., 2015. Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated With Drinking Water – United States, 2011–2012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64:31:842.
- Benedict, K.M.; Reses, H.; Vigar, M.; Roth, D.M.; Roberts, V.A.; Mattioli, M.; Cooley, L.A.; et al., 2017. Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated With Drinking Water – United States, 2013–2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 66:44:1216. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6644a3.
- Besner, M.C.; Prévost, M.; & Regli, S., 2011. Assessing the Public Health Risk of Microbial Intrusion Events in Distribution Systems: Conceptual Model, Available Data, and Challenges. Water Research, 45:3:961.
10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.035 Google Scholar
- Blackburn, B.G.; Craun, G.F.; Yoder, J.S.; Hill, V.; Calderon, R.L.; Chen, N.; Lee, S.H., et al., 2004. Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated With Drinking Water – United States 2001–2002. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 53:8:23.
- Brunkard, J.M.; Ailes, E.; Roberts, V.A.; Hill, V.; Hilborn, E.; Craun, G.F.; Rajasingham, A.; et al., 2011. Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated With Drinking Water – United States, 2007–2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries, 60:12:38.
- CDC (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), 2015. CDC Water and Health Study. www.cdc.gov/healthywater/study.html (accessed Mar. 15, 2018).
- CDC, 2013. Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated With Drinking Water and Other Nonrecreational Water—United States, 2009–2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 62:35:714.
- Cohn, P.D.; Gleason, J.A.; Rudowski, E.; Tsai, S.M.; Genese, C.A.; & Fagliano, J.A., 2015. Community Outbreak of Legionellosis and an Environmental Investigation Into a Community Water System. Epidemiology & Infection, 143:6:1322.
10.1017/S0950268814001964 Google Scholar
- Craun, M.F.; Craun, G.F.; Calderon, R.L.; & Beach, M.J., 2006. Waterborne Outbreaks Reported in the United States. Journal of Water and Health, 4:S2:19.
10.2166/wh.2006.016 Google Scholar
- Deb, A.K.; Momberger, K.A.; Hasit, Y.J.; & Grablutz, F.M., 2000. Guidance for Management of Distribution System Operation and Maintenance. AwwaRF, Denver.
- Dutkiewicz, C. & Fallowfield, H., 1998. Assessment of Microbial Involvement in the Elevation of Copper Levels in Drinking Water. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 85:3:597. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.853567.x.
10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.853567.x Google Scholar
- Ercumen, A.; Gruber, J.S.; & Colford Jr., J.M., 2014. Water Distribution System Deficiencies and Gastrointestinal Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122:7:651.
10.1289/ehp.1306912 Google Scholar
- Falco, R. & Williams, S.I., 2009. Waterborne Salmonella Outbreak in Alamosa, Colorado, March and April 2008: Outbreak Identification, Response, and Investigation. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Safe Drinking Water Program, Water Quality Control Division, Denver.
- Folkman, S., 2018. Water Main Break Rates in the USA and Canada: A Comprehensive Study, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications. Paper 174. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/mae_facpub/174 (accessed on Mar. 15, 2018).
- Geldreich, E.E., 1996. Biofilms in Water Distribution Systems. Microbial Quality of Water Supply in Distribution Systems. Lewis Publishers, New York.
- Geldreich, E.E.; Fox, K.R.; Goodrich, J.A.; Rice, E.W.; Clark, R.M.; & Swerdlow, D.L., 1992. Searching for a Water Supply Connection in the Cabool, Missouri Disease Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Water Research, 26:8:1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(92)90150-3.
10.1016/0043-1354(92)90150-3 Google Scholar
- Ho, C.K.; Christian, J.M.; Ching, E.J.; Slavin, J.; Ortega, J.; Murray, R.; & Rossman, L.A., 2016. Sediment Resuspension and Transport in Water Distribution Storage Tanks. Journal AWWA, 108:6:E349. https://doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0077.
10.5942/jawwa.2016.108.0077 Google Scholar
- Ingerson-Mahar, M. & Reid, A., 2012. Microbes in Pipes: The Microbiology of the Water Distribution System. American Society for Microbiology, Washington.
- Kirmeyer, G.J.; Kirby, L.; Murphy, B.M.; Noran, P.F.; Martel, K.D.; Lund, T.W.; Anderson, J.L.; & Medhurst, R., 1999. Maintaining Water Quality in Finished Water Storage Facilities. AWWA, Denver.
- LeChevallier, M.W.; Gullick, R.W.; Karim, M.R.; Friedman, M.; & Funk, J.E., 2003. The Potential for Health Risks From Intrusion of Contaminants Into the Distribution System From Pressure Transients. Journal of Water and Health, 1:1:3. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2003.0002.
10.2166/wh.2003.0002 Google Scholar
- Lee, S.H.; Levy, D.A.; Craun, G.F.; Beach, M.J.; & Calderon, R.L., 2002. Surveillance for Waterborne-Disease Outbreaks – United States 1999–2000. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51:8:1.
- Levy, D.A.; Bens, M.S.; Craun, G.F.; Calderon, R.L.; & Herwaldt, B.L., 1998. Surveillance for Waterborne-Disease Outbreaks – United States 1995–1996. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 47:5:1.
- Liang, J.L.; Dziuban, E.J; Craun, G.F.; Hill, V.; Moore, M.R.; Gelting, R.J.; Calderon, R.L.; et al., 2006. Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated With Drinking Water and Water Not Intended for Drinking – United States 2003–2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 55:12:31.
- Messner, M.; Shaw, S.; Regli, S.; Rotert, K.; Blank, V.; & Soller, J., 2006. An Approach for Developing a National Estimate of Waterborne Disease Due to Drinking Water and a National Estimate Model Application. Journal of Water and Health, 4:S2:201. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.024.
- Mittelman, M.W., 2003. Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Sprinkler Piping. Corrosion, 49: 13.
- Murphy, H.M.; Thomas, M.K.; Medeiros, D.T.; McFadyen, S.; & Pintar, K.D.M., 2016. Estimating the Number of Cases of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness (AGI) Associated With Canadian Municipal Drinking Water Systems. Epidemiology & Infection, 144:7:1371. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268815002083.
10.1017/S0950268815002083 Google Scholar
- NRC (National Research Council),, 2006. Drinking Water Distribution Systems: Assessing and Reducing Risks. National Academies Press, Washington.
- Nygård, K.; Wahl, E.; Krogh, T.; Tveit, O.A.; Bøhleng, E.; Tverdal, A.; & Aavitsland, P., 2007. Breaks and Maintenance Work in the Water Distribution Systems and Gastrointestinal Illness: A Cohort Study. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36:4:873. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym029.
10.1093/ije/dym029 Google Scholar
- Payment, P.; Siemiatycki, J.; Richardson, L.; Renaud, G.; Franco, E.; & Prévost, M., 1997. A Prospective Epidemiological Study of Gastrointestinal Health Effects Due to the Consumption of Drinking Water. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 7:1:5. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603129773977.
10.1080/09603129773977 Google Scholar
- Percival, S.L.; Knapp, J.S.; Edyvean, R.; & Wales, D.S., 1998. Biofilm Development on Stainless Steel in Mains Water. Water Research, 32:1:243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00132-2.
- Rogers, P.D. & Grigg, N.S., 2009. Failure Assessment Modeling to Prioritize Water Pipe Renewal: Two Case Studies. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 15:3:162. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2009)15:3(162).
10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2009)15:3(162) Google Scholar
- Rossman, L.A.; Clark, R.M.; & Grayman, W.M., 1994. Modeling Chlorine Residuals in Drinking-Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 120:4:803. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1994)120:4(803).
10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1994)120:4(803) Google Scholar
- Säve-Söderbergh, M.; Bylund, J.; Malm, A.; Simonsson, M.; & Toljander, J., 2017. Gastrointestinal Illness Linked to Incidents in Drinking Water Distribution Networks in Sweden. Water Research, 122: 503 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.013.
- Shortridge, J.E. & Guikema, S.D., 2014. Public Health and Pipe Breaks in Water Distribution Systems: Analysis With Internet Search Volume as a Proxy. Water Research, 53: 26 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.013.
- Smith, K.S., 2016. Disinfectant Residual Management: Utility Perspective & Case Study. Proc. 2016 AWWA ACE, Chicago.
- Teunis, P.F.M.; Xu, M.; Fleming, K.K.; Yang, J.; Moe, C.L.; & LeChevallier, M.W., 2010. Enteric Virus Infection Risk From Intrusion of Sewage Into a Drinking Water Distribution Network. Environmental Science & Technology, 44:22:8561. https://doi.org/10.1021/es101266k.
10.1021/es101266k Google Scholar
- USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency), 2018. Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment. Sixth Report to Congress. EPA 816-K-17-002, Washington.
- USEPA, 2016. Technologies for Legionella Control in Premise Plumbing Systems. Scientific Literature Review. EPA 810-R-16-001, Washington.
- USEPA, 2009. Rehabilitation of Wastewater Collection and Water Distribution Systems. State of Technology Review Report. EPA 600-R-09-048, Washington.
- USEPA, 2006. Inorganic Contaminant Accumulation in Potable Water Distribution Systems. Total Coliform Rule Issue Paper. Office of Water, Washington.
- USEPA, 2002a. The Clean Water and Drinking Water Gap Analysis. EPA 816-R-02-020, Washington.
- USEPA, 2002b. Health Risks from Microbial Growth and Biofilms in Distribution Systems. Distribution System White Paper, Office of Water, Washington.
- USEPA, 2002c. Effects of Water Age on Distribution System Water Quality. Distribution System Issue Paper. Office of Water, Washington.
- USEPA, 2002d. Permeation and Leaching. Distribution System Issue Paper, Office of Water, Washington.
- WHO (World Health Organization), 2014. Water Safety in Distribution Systems. WHO Press, Geneva.
- Yang, J.; LeChevallier, M.W.; Teunis, P.F.; & Xu, M., 2011. Managing Risks From Virus Intrusion Into Water Distribution Systems Due to Pressure Transients. Journal of Water and Health, 9:2:291.
10.2166/wh.2011.102 Google Scholar
- Yoder, J.; Roberts, V.; Craun, G.F.; Hill, V.; Hicks, L.A.; Alexander, N.T.; Radke, V.; et al., 2008. Surveillance for Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated With Drinking Water and Water Not Intended for Drinking – United States 2005–2006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 57:9:39.
- Yu, J.; Kim, D.; & Lee, T., 2010. Microbial Diversity in Biofilms on Water Distribution Pipes of Different Materials. Water Science and Technology, 61:1:163.
10.2166/wst.2010.813 Google Scholar